“Mr. Mat. Yocum and Miss May, youngest daughter of Capt. C.V. Rogers, were married at the family residence, near Talala, last Sunday afternoon at four o’clock, Judge Watt Starr officiating. Mat is a royal good fellow and has a host of friends who will congratulate him on his good fortune in securing such an estimable partner for life’s journey.” [1]
L. Ida Lawley. “Souvenir Booklet, Claremore, Oklahoma, 1910-1915.” Muskogee Printing Co….Muskogee, Oklahoma. p.38. Courtesy of the Rogers County Historical Society Archives.
Though quite delicate now and brittle with age, the once masterfully crafted Souvenir Booklet, Claremore, Oklahoma, 1910-1915, found in the Rogers County Historical Society’s archives, gives those of us who live in the present, a photographic tour of life in Claremore’s past. This unique 39-page photo book, created by female pioneer photographer L. Ida Lawley, portrays and advertises Claremore’s unique qualities and invites tourists and travelers of bygone days to come and experience the city’s virtues for themselves.
In the dedication of Miss Lawley’s booklet, page one, she writes:
“This souvenir is respectfully dedicated with the hope that it may recall many pleasant memories to those visiting Claremore, and to induce many to locate among us; also to carry good news to those out of our city and even out of the State of Oklahoma who might be interested in the many advantages in our city and surrounding country.
“I wish to offer this small volume to the public as a souvenir and, while doing so, give you a faint idea of the advantages of our town and county. While it is impossible to give a complete album of Claremore in such a small book, it contains a limited collection of views representing the religious (First Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist Episcopal and ME, South churches), educational (Hiawatha, Claremont, Academy, and Eastern University Preparatory Schools) and professional business (such as Hotel Main, Berwick Hotel, Brown’s Meat Market, Ault’s Drug Store, and Banks) and social progress; it contains the photographs of many of our business men and ladies, also shows many of their homes (for example, G.D. Davis, J.F. McClellan, G.O. Bayless, G.F. Godbey, J.F. Flippin, Leo A. Moore, G.M. Reed) and tells of the famous radium wells and the miraculous cures of hopeless cases as a result of the wonderful radium waters.”
Competitors in Claremore’s photography businesses were highlighted as other photographers also advertised their studios in Miss Lawley’s souvenir booklet. J.F. Macy, Proprietor, publicized, “Macy Studio, the only gallery in Claremore that has a skylight” (p.33), while John Blair’s Studio publicized “Portraits that Please Particular People” (p.27). Miss Lawley was the only lady among this bunch.
On pages 38-39, Miss Lawley adds a description of her photography business, Lawley Photograph Studios.
“I have been in the photograph business fifteen years and have met with splendid success. I do the highest class work, and my aim in life is better photos, pleased customers, and a fair, honest deal with every one” (p.38).
“We make portraits of all kinds: Black and White Work, Post Cards, Kodak Finishing. We Guarantee all best-grade work and keep the latest style folders and cards. All linen work same price as the sepia. We have a fine line of Christmas Cards and Folds. Nothing nicer to give your friends and relatives than a nice photo for a Christmas present… Everyone is welcome… We do enlarging, your photo on pillow top, your photo on felt, your photo on felt pennants.”
Not long after the completion of her souvenir booklet, Miss Lawley left Claremore. January 24, 1919, The Erie, Kansas, Sentinel, discloses, Miss Ida Lawley, “purchased the Erie studio and is now ready for your work. Miss Lawley is an experienced photographer and Erie is mighty glad to know that she has purchased the studio here.”
Though she was a Claremore resident for only a short while, Ida Lawley’s Souvenir Booklet, Claremore, Oklahoma, 1910-1915 stands as a tremendous history treasure that captured an incomparable portrait of Claremore’s past for which present historians are grateful.
“OKLAHOMA GRADUATE WEDS NEW YORK GIRL. – This following item appeared in the December 27 issue of the Ithaca, N.Y. Daily News:
“The wedding of Miss Marguerite Willever, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. E.E. Willever of 226 Eddy street, to Ensign Bourke H. Bayless, U.S.N., took place yesterday afternoon at 4 o’clock in the Presbyterian church, the Rev. John A. McIntosh officiating. The bride was given in marriage by her father and attended by Miss Elma Cummings of this city. Mr. Bayless is a graduate of Oklahoma State University of the class of 1916 and attended Cornell as a special student in 1917. He is a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. After the ceremony, Mr. and Mrs. Bayless left for a short wedding trip.”
“While in school Bayless was a member of the local chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon and one of the founders of Checkmate, the honorary senior society. He was also prominent in other student activities. His home is now at Claremore, Oklahoma.[i]
“Miss Willever Weds Ensign B.H. Bayless – The wedding of Miss Marguerite Willever, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. E.E. Willever, of 226 Eddy street, to Ensign Bourke H. Bayless, U.S. N. took place yesterday afternoon, at 4 o’clock, in the Presbyterian church, Rev. John MacIntosh officiating. The bride was given in marriage by her father and attended by Miss Elma Cummings of this city. Mrs. Bayless is one of Ithaca’s well known young women.
“Ensign Bayless is a graduate of Oklahoma State University of the class of 1916 and attended Cornell University as a special student in 1917. He is a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. After the ceremony Mr. and Mrs. Bayless left for a short wedding trip. – Ithaca, (N.Y.) Journal, Friday, Dec. 27, 1918.
“The Above information comes with pleasure to Bourke’s many Claremore friends. When Ensign Bayless came home, his wife was detained at the bedside of her mother who was ill. She will join him shortly and for a time they will make Claremore their home. Congratulations are extended and the flowery remarks are omitted at the groom’s request. He has resigned from the service.[ii]
Bourke Hamilton Bayless. Birth 20 Sep 1893, Cassville, Barry County, Missouri. Death 15 Dec 1970 (aged 77), Claremore, Rogers County, Oklahoma. Burial Woodlawn Cemetery, Claremore, Rogers County, Oklahoma. Plot CP2-12-L12-1W. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/28678943/bourke-hamilton-bayless
Sources. Oklahoma newspapers are sourced through The Gateway to Oklahoma History, http://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
“Joe Chambers Returns With Bride – Joe Chambers returned home from Pawhuska Sunday evening, bringing with him a wife. The happy little bride was formerly Miss Eunice Knowland, the popular contralto singer, who sang at the Electric theatre in this city for several months. She is highly esteemed by all who know her.
“The groom, a resident of this city, is known to most Claremore people and the citizens of Rogers county, having spent the greater part of his life in Claremore. He is an energetic and ambitious young lawyer and the eldest son of Mr. and Mrs. Teece Chambers, one of the oldest and most respected families of this county.
“The happy young couple were married at Pawhuska by Judge Hudson. They departed Tuesday evening for Memphis, Tenn., on their honeymoon trip, after which they will visit the bride’s home at Kansas City, returning to Claremore to make their home. The Leader joins the many friends in extending congratulations.” [1]
“Miss Hazel Purcell Marries – Miss Hazell Purcell, one of the accomplished and popular members of Claremore’s younger society set, sprung a surprise on her many friends here Sunday when she went to Tulsa where , at the hour of 2:30 p.m., at the home of Mrs. T.F. Gailey, 310 S. Frisco, with only a few friends and relatives present, she was married to W. Reid Johnson, of that city, Rev. Kerr, of the Presbyterian church officiating.
“Miss Purcell is well known to many of our readers, having been engaged in the show business here until recently when she leased The Electric Theatre, which she owns, to Humphrey Brothers, of Wagoner. She has many friends here who join Progress in wishing her much happiness.
“The groom is employed in the offices of the Gulf Pipe-Line Co., at Tulsa, and although we are not personally acquainted with him, we understand that he is a young man of clean habits; is a worker, and a man well worth the choice he made in a life companion.
“The young couple will make their future home at Tulsa and will be at home to their many friends her at that place.”[1]
Mary Hazel Purcell Johnson. Birth 5 Jan 1896, Nowata, Nowata County, Oklahoma. Death 3 Dec 1993 (aged 97) Springdale, Washington County, Arkansas. Burial Rose Hill Memorial Park, Tulsa, Tulsa County, Oklahoma. Plot Section Abbey 2nd L-431 Row D. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/77166229/mary-hazel-johnson
William Reid Johnson. Birth 18 Oct 1893, Cleburne, Johnson County, Texas. Death Jan 1985 (91), Springdale, Washington County, Arkansas. Burial Rose Hill Memorial Park, Tulsa, Tulsa County, Oklahoma. Plot Section Abbey 2nd L-431.5 Row D. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/77166286/william-reid-johnson
Did you know Governor David Boren named JULY 7 MAGGIE FRY DAY? 📚 Indian Territory native, Cherokee woman, poet, historian, and author, Maggie Culver Fry (1900 – 1998) was nominated by the Indian Women’s Pocahontas Club (Claremore, OK) and appointed by Governor Boren as Oklahoma Poet Laureate in 1977 – 1995. She “published more than 800 articles, stories, (songs) and poems – many attracting national attention.” Mrs. Fry taught at Claremore Junior College and served in politics as Sen. Clem Mc Spadden’s personal secretary. She was inducted into the Claremore Hall of Fame in 2015. Her earthly remains were interred at Claremore’s Woodlawn Cemetery (1998).
Mrs. Fry wrote:
The Witch Deer: Poems of the Oklahoma Indians
The Umbilical Cord – Pulitzer Prize Nomination
Buckskin Hollow Reflections
A Boy Named Will: The Story of Young Will Rogers
Sunrise Over Redman’s Land – autobiography
Cherokee Female Seminary Years: A Cherokee National Anthology
History of Rogers County Oklahoma – “Much of the historical material was written by Maggie C. Fry, Poet Laureate of Oklahoma.”
Recollections of Early Rogers County: Stories of Early Homes, Buildings, and Pioneers – Forward, 1987.
Mrs. Bennett is the woman in the middle in the yellow dress. Photo Courtesy the Claremore Museum of History.
Oletha Bennett was an influential, Christian woman who lived in Claremore in the last century. While researching the history of this highly esteemed African American matron, Paula Davis, Claremore Museum of History Coordinator, graciously connected me with Cora Brown Ross, a woman who knew Mrs. Bennett well. Cora delightfully shared fond memories that gave personal insight into Mrs. Bennett’s story. In honor of Women’s History Month, we share this glimpse into Oletha Bennett’s life.
Mrs. Bennett made a positive impact on the Claremore community. Cora was young when she first met Mrs. Bennett who she affectionately calls Aunt Letha. “She and Mother were like sisters.” When Cora’s mother, Mable Lee Brown, went to work, Aunt Letha often cared for Cora and her many siblings.
“You would call her glamorous,” Cora recalls. “She was always well-kept and looked successful. She was a good woman, a respected woman, a helpful woman.”
And, “Aunt Letha had a car! She would give us rides to see Woolaroc or bring a group from Mt. Zion Baptist Church to Tulsa to go to Mohawk Park and the zoo because we didn’t have opportunities like that. When there was something educational to help us, she was the one who would direct us.”
Also, “Mrs. Bennett had a piano … When our home was full of noise so that I could not practice my piano lesson, Mrs. Bennett always allowed me to practice on her piano. This was a victory for all of us because my sisters and brothers hated to hear me practice my lessons. Mrs. Bennett understood, and she loved to hear me play on her lovely piano.” These acts of kindness made a great impression on young Cora.
When Cora sought a scholarship to attend Lincoln College, Mrs. Bennett kindly wrote Cora’s recommendation. With each visit home from college, Mrs. Bennett gave Cora a little gift, and of course, Mrs. Bennett attended Cora’s wedding at Mt. Zion Baptist Church where they were members.
Mrs. Bennett worked for attorney John Gilkeson and was an insurance sales person for Jackson Funeral Home in Tulsa. She was a community activist involved in Rogers County politics and elections. “We were so proud of her,” affirmed Cora. She continually encouraged people to vote.
Mrs. Bennett served as a substitute teacher at Lincoln School. By knowing Mrs. Bennett, a “mark was made on all of us in Claremore, (especially) those who came through Lincoln School.”
As President of the Women’s Missionary Union, Claremore, when Mrs. Bennett celebrated her 43rd birthday, she invited seventy-five guests – “the entire W.M.U. young people’s department, deacons, and trustees” (TOE,6-3-1954).
Highly regarded, this “Worthy Matron of Golden Gate Chapter (Order of the Eastern Star) was selected ‘Queen’ of Radium Lodge to reign for 1957” (TOE,5-19-1957).
Furthermore, Oletha Bennett was secretary of the committee for a reunion of Lincoln High School graduates, July 1977 (TOE,7-14-1977), and was coordinator for Homecoming Day at Mt. Zion Church in 1980 (TOE,8-7-1980).
Having an extraordinary gift of hospitality, Mrs. Bennett welcomed all kinds of people into her home at 307 North Oseuma Avenue. Cora remembers shedding tears when this beautiful, rock house burned recently. The home held many precious memories.
Oletha Bennett passed away, November 21, 1989, aged 78. Her tombstone epitaph at Claremore’s Woodlawn Cemetery reads, “Forever with the Lord.”
“Mrs. Bennett was a delightful person to be around. She really helped my family. She’s a part of my wonderful good memories,” concluded Cora Ross. “God has people in our lives for a purpose. Mrs. Oletha Bennett was one of them.”
by Christa Rice, Claremore History Explorer
Originally posted in The Claremore Daily Progress, Weekend Edition, March 12 & 13, 2022.
To read “Oletha Bennett, Respected Matron of Claremore’s African American Community,” the longer more detailed story, please click here.
In Honor of Women’s History Month, I share the story of Oletha Bennett – Respected Matron of Claremore’s African American Community. Though she passed on to Glory in 1986, I only “met” Mrs. Bennett last January while researching the All-Black town of Rentie Grove, Tulsa, Oklahoma. I did not realize at the time that there were such close ties between Claremore and Rentie Grove.
When I contacted Paula Davis, Coordinator at the Claremore Museum of History (MoH), to see if the MoH had information about this inspiring woman, Mrs. Davis connected me with a friend of Mrs. Bennett’s, Cora Brown Ross. Mrs. Ross and I had a lovely interview discussing Claremore’s strong and influential African American community of the past century. Oletha and William Bennett, Principal W.C. Jones, Lincoln School, Mrs. Mable Lee Brown, and Mt. Zion Baptist Church were all topics of the conversation.
In blending these interview stories about Mrs. Bennett with the newspaper articles I had discovered in the African American newspaper, The Oklahoma Eagle, quite an interesting story of this strong, generous, Christian, African American woman emerged.
I especially thank Mrs. Ross for her interview and follow up phone calls and Mrs. Davis for helping make the connections that made this significant Claremore History story come alive. I also appreciate Mrs. Davis for sharing artifacts from the Claremore Museum of History archives. I hope reading about Mrs. Bennett’s life journey inspires you. There’s joy in the journey.
Lanier and Mozelle Sims’s 50th Anniversary Party.
Mrs. Oletha C. Bennett is remembered as a respected matron of the African American community of Claremore’s past century.
Born May 18, 1911,[i] by 1940 it was recorded in Claremore’s U.S. Census that 28-year-old Oletha (née Craig) had married William M. Bennett, formerly of Texas. Mr. Bennett, 10 years her senior, was employed as a Section Head for the Frisco Railroad, working as a railroad employee till his retirement. In 1940, Mrs. Bennett served as a house maid and was involved in a wide variety of other noteworthy endeavors. Those who knew Mrs. Bennett say she had a significant impact on the whole Claremore community.
Cora Brown Ross was quite young when Oletha Bennett made her first positive impressions on Mrs. Ross. Mrs. Ross and her siblings affectionately called Mrs. Bennett, “Aunt Letha.” Mrs. Ross said in a recent interview, “You would call her glamorous. She was always well-kept and looked successful. She was a good woman, a respected woman, a helpful woman.”
Mrs. Ross’s mother, Mable Lee Brown worked regularly as a house maid doing “day work” for several people in town, one of whom was Dr. Gordon. Mrs. Ross shared, most of the Black women in Claremore at that time had White families in town who “they treated like family.
Mrs. Brown and Mrs. Bennett were very close friends. In fact, Mrs. Ross recalls, “She and Mother were like sisters.” When Mrs. Brown was away from home, working, her children were often cared for by Aunt Letha.
Mrs. Ross affirmed, “Aunt Letha was an asset to the entire Claremore community.” Having no children of her own, she treated all the children as if they were her family.
Mrs. Bennett is the woman in the middle of the group wearing the yellow dress. Photo courtesy Claremore Museum of History.
Mrs. Bennett served as a substitute teacher at the Lincoln School. “We were so proud of her.” When anyone was with her, she encouraged people to vote. Mrs. Bennett was a community activist and was involved with area politics and Rogers County elections. By knowing Mrs. Bennett, Mrs. Ross confirmed, a “mark was made on all of us in Claremore, those who came through Lincoln school. This was before schools were integrated.” In those days, “When you were a school teacher you were so honored.”
Mrs. Bennett also worked for attorney John Gilkeson and was an insurance sales person for Jackson Funeral Home in Tulsa.
Mrs. Ross shared, “Aunt Letha had a car!” She would pack a bunch of children in her car and take them to wondrous places. “She would give us rides to see Woolaroc, or bring a group from Mt. Zion Baptist Church to Tulsa to go to Mohawk Park and the zoo because we didn’t have opportunities like that. When there was something educational to help us, she was the one who would direct us.”
Mrs. Bennett attended Claremore’s Mount Zion Baptist Church, while Mr. Bennett was a charter member, deacon, and trustee of Claremore’s Bethel AME Church.
Mrs. Bennett “and my mother would come to Mt. Zion Baptist on the south end of town. The Methodist Church was on the north end of town,” explains Mrs. Ross. Mt. Zion Baptist Church moved to the northwest side of town some years ago. The old Mt. Zion property, located at Catalaya (Lynn Riggs Boulevard) and Missouri Avenue, was sold when the freeway came through. Both Mr. and Mrs. Bennett and Mrs. Brown were very active in their church communities. They never missed church unless they were ill.
In June 1954, the Oklahoma State Sunday School and Baptist Training Union (B.T.U.) convened at the Mt. Calvary Baptist Church, Muskogee, Oklahoma; guest presenter, Mrs. Oletha Bennett spoke on “How to Plan a Program for Children in a Small Church.”[ii] When the Creek District Baptist Training Union Congress convened for its 66th annual session at Muskogee that July, Oletha Bennett was, once again, one of the notable instructors for the congress.[iii] Mt. Zion Baptist Church of Claremore, Oklahoma, hosted the twenty-eighth annual session of the Creek District Baptist Congress of Christian Education and Singing Convention in July 1959, and Mrs. Oletha Bennett was listed as one of the “outstanding church leaders to appear at this congress.”[iv] Mrs. Bennett’s exceptional reputation preceded her wherever she went.
The Bethel AME Church, Claremore, hosted a lovely banquet which was enjoyed by everyone present in the summer of 1954. “Mrs. Rice rendered a solo and speaker for the occasion was Mrs. Oletha Bennett of the Mt. Zion Baptist church, who spoke on ‘The Meaning of Cooperation.’”[v] Mrs. Bennett was known to practice what she preached.
Mrs. Brown and Mrs. Bennett were active women’s missions’ leader in Claremore. According to Horace S. Hughes, editor of Tulsa’s African American weekly newspaper, The Oklahoma Eagle, as early as May 1942, The Steady Workers Club of Claremore “met at the home of Mrs. Oletha Bennett.”[vi] Mrs. Bennett also often spoke for or hosted the “Willing Workers Organization” which was a group of women from a number of churches. There were Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, and Church of God in Christ Holiness churches in Claremore.
Mrs. Bennett served as President of the Women’s Missionary Union at Mt. Zion Baptist Church at Claremore for many years. When this president of the W.M.U. celebrated her birthday on May 18, 1954, at 7 o’clock p.m. at the church, “she had as her guests the entire W.M.U. young people’s department, deacons, and trustees. There were 75 persons to share this occasion with her. The entertainment was a religious moving picture brought by Rev. Crowder of Tulsa. He showed ‘Ruth and the Resurrection.’”[vii]
Mr. and Mrs. Bennett were members of the Masonic Order. “The Masonic Radium Lodge No. 178 entertained the Members of Golden Gate Chapter No. 31, O.E.S. (Order of the Eastern Star) their wives, sweethearts, and friends with one of the most gala affairs, Saturday night, April 27 at Claremore… Mrs. Tennie Bell Wiley, wife of James Wiley, was selected 1957 ‘Sweetheart’ of the Lodge. She received a beautiful set of blue rhinestone heart-shaped costume jewelry and the privilege to attend all of their public affairs free of charge. Brother C.D. Jones presented the gift. Mrs. Oletha Bennett, conductress and past Worthy Matron of Golden Gate Chapter, O.E.S. was selected ‘Queen’ of Radium Lodge to reign for 1957. She was extended the same invitation and privilege as the ‘Sweetheart’ and received a handsome four-piece set of matching luggage.”[viii]
Mrs. Bennett easily connected with people inside and outside of the Claremore community. Rentie Grove (located between about 81st and 91st streets and Harvard and Sheridan avenues in what is now Tulsa, Oklahoma) was one of Oklahoma’s early All-Black (farming) communities. For the Annual Women’s Day Sunday, scheduled for the afternoon of October 12, 1958, the Missionary Society of Rentie Grove Baptist Church invited Mrs. Oletha Bennett, of Claremore, to be their guest speaker. A very fine program was planned, and all missions and friends were invited.[ix]
Mrs. Bennett often did special acts of kindness for people.
“One memory in particular,” Mrs. Ross recalls, “Mrs. Bennett had a piano in her living room. It was beautiful. When our home was full of noise so that I could not practice my piano lesson, Mrs. Bennett always allowed me to practice on her piano. This was a victory for all of us because my sisters and brothers hated to hear me practice my lessons. Mrs. Bennett understood, and she loved to hear me play on her lovely piano. She would have me to play tunes for some of her friends who visited her from church. Now, when I play at different churches, I thank God for people like Mrs. Oletha Bennett who helped to prepare me to play for people everywhere. Although I didn’t realize it then, it helped to build a foundation for me and my children. God has people in our lives for a purpose; Mrs. Bennett was one of them.” Mrs. Ross’s times of practice and performance were also valued by others. When Mrs. Ross graduated from Claremore High School in 1958, she received the award for “Miss Music.”
When Mrs. Ross was seeking a scholarship to attend Lincoln College, Mrs. Bennett wrote a recommendation for her. Every time Mrs. Ross came home from college, Mrs. Bennett gave her some little gift, and of course Mrs. Bennett attended Mrs. Ross’s wedding at Mt. Zion Baptist Church.
Mrs. Bennett’s husband had a lovely home built for her at 307 North Oseuma Avenue so she could serve others with her gift of hospitality. During the days of racial segregation in Claremore, there were very few places that would serve meals to Black people. Visitors came from as far away as Michigan and California, especially when conventions were in town. These guests were graciously served at Mrs. Bennett’s table. There were famous people, professors, preachers, all kinds of people who enjoyed the delight of Mrs. Bennett’s home and hospitality. Mrs. Ross remembers shedding tears when she heard that the beautiful, large, rock Bennett house was on fire. It burned not long ago. The lot where the house once stood is now a vacant grass-filled corner. The house held many precious memories.
The Rowland-Coleman family especially appreciated Mrs. Bennett’s kindness. In a card of thanks published in The Oklahoma Eagle, “The family of the late Mrs. Estella Rowland-Coleman, Bakersfield, Calif., acknowledges a grateful appreciation, your kind expressions of sympathy by visits, cards, telegrams, florals, or whatever condolences. We especially thank Rev. Chism of Mt. Olive Baptist Church for his consoling words of eulogy. We wish to thank Jackson Funeral Home, … Mrs. Oletha Bennett… and others. Signed: John Coleman, husband; Mrs. Sallie Rowland, mother.”[x]
On October 14, 1949, Mr. Jack Stafford, an old pioneer of Rentie Grove, passed away at his home. His funeral was largely attended. The Oklahoma Eagle reported, “Mrs. Oletha Bennett and Mrs. Janie Morgan, of Claremore, attended the funeral of Mr. Stafford.”[xi]
Mr. and Mrs. Bennett were invited to a special party, Sunday, March 14, 1971, when “Lanier C. and Mozelle Sims[xii] celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary. “Coming to Tulsa in 1920, the couple… maintained their residence on E. Newton Pl. where they reared three children; a son, Charles W. with his family from Los Angeles, Calif., and daughter, Matrue Harrison, of Altadena, Calif., entertained their parents, relatives, and a few friends at dinner in the Black Gold Buffet, on S. Memorial Drive in Tulsa… The late parents of Mr. and Mrs. Sims were early pioneer residents of Oklahoma.”[xiii]
Mrs. Bennett posted her own card of thanks in The Oklahoma Eagle, October 23, 1975. “I wish to thank those who prayed for me, sent flowers, money, phone calls, visits, and many other acts of kindness while I was in the hospital. A special thanks to my [—–?] Mr. and Mrs. L.C. Sims who gave the tender loving care in their home when I was released from the hospital. Mr. and Mrs. Perry Walker, Mrs. Catherine Goodson, Mrs. Elvira Williams and those who came to the hospital early on the morning of the surgery and stood by prayerfully. These good deeds will never be forgotten. Oletha Bennett, Claremore, Oklahoma.”[xiv]
Mrs. Bennett continued to serve her church and community. On the World Day of Prayer, members of both the Black and White churches of Claremore gathered at First Baptist Church to fellowship, worship, and pray together. A Bible School for Black children, sponsored by White churches in the community, was hosted at the Lincoln School building during the summer. Mrs. Ross remembers Mrs. Robinson from the First Baptist Church played the piano very well during this event. Prof. Jones, principal at Lincoln School, Mrs. Bennett and other women from their church helped with this Summer Bible School.
May 1976, Mrs. Mable L. Brown hosted a Mother’s Day party at her home at 304 North Oseuma Street, Claremore, Oklahoma. “Her daughter, Mrs. Elmer Traylor was responsible for food service for a hundred guests… including family members and close friends. A few of the names are: Dr. John Algee, Mrs. Mary Snoody and children, the Elmer Traylor family, Mr. and Mrs. Robert Black and daughter Robin, Mr. and Mrs. Wm. Bennett, Rev. and Mrs. M.O. Ross, Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. Emmitt Milhouse, Ted Ezell and family, Choates and Jerri, Mr. and Mrs. Coy Young, Mrs. Dorothy Grimmett, Jerome Riley, Mr. and Mrs. Emmitt Edwards with Darrell and Pam, Mrs. Lillie M. Bruner, Dr. and Mrs. Larry Reed and Glenda, Atty. E.L. Goodwin Sr., and enough others to make up the hundred or so happy, hungry, appreciative dinner guests on a very special day.”[xv]
July 1977, “marked the reunion of the Lincoln High School graduates of Claremore. A number of former students and teachers from coast to coast attended. Headquarters was the Will Rogers Hotel in Claremore. Highlights of the occasion included a program, group sessions, a cocktail party, and a dinner dance. Dorothy Grimmett is president, and Oletha Bennett is secretary.”[xvi]
Sunday, August 10, 1980, was “designated ‘Homecoming Day’ at Mt. Zion where members, former members, and friends gather to greet each other on this joyous occasion. The Youth Department of the church will be in charge of the morning service when former member, Stanley M. Johnson will address the church. Stanley is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Freddie L. Johnson and is married to the former Wilma Joyce Harlin; they have two children. The Johnson’s recently moved back to Claremore from California. Former member, C. Darnell Jones II, Deputy Chief of Juvenile Court for the Philadelphia Public Defender Association, member of the board of directors for the Sleighton School for delinquent children and several other obligations will deliver the address in the 3 p.m. service. C. [D]arnell Jones is son of Mr. and Mrs. C.D. Jones, Sr. and is married to the former Sheila Brown of Wichita, Kansas. They have one daughter. The homecoming sermon will be delivered by Rev. H.J. Jones, pastor of First Baptist Church Sand Springs. His choirs and congregation will accompany him. Rev. Jones is brother to the deceased C. Darnell Jones, Sr. and is uncle to Attorney C. Darnell Jones II.” Daughters, sons-in-law, and grandchildren of Mrs. Mable L. Brown also attended. It should come as no surprise that Oletha Bennett with her gifts of hospitality and community outreach was coordinator for the service.[xvii]
“Claremore had a very strong Black community,” Mrs. Ross says; she did not realize, as a child, how special that was until she was older. It was just what she knew. “Mrs. Bennett was a leader in Claremore.”
Oletha C. Bennett passed this life November 21, 1989, at age 78. William Bennett preceded her in death by three years. The beautiful epitaph on their memorial at Claremore’s Woodlawn Cemetery reads, “Forever with the Lord.” [xviii]
“CLAREMORE – Mrs. Oletha Craig Bennett, 78, homemaker, died Tuesday, Services 9:30 a.m. Saturday, Mount Zion Baptist Church. Rice-Winton.”[xiv]
While talking of Mrs. Bennett and sharing her stories, sweet memories were brought to Mrs. Ross’s mind of her own mother. Mrs. Bennett and Mrs. Brown were great friends and community workers. Mrs. Ross concluded, “Mrs. Bennett was a delightful person to be around. She really helped my family. She’s a part of my wonderful good memories.”
By Christa Rice, Claremore History Explorer
A special thank you goes out to Mrs. Cora Brown Ross for all the sweet memories she shared about her dear mother and Aunt Letha.
Sources:
Oklahoma newspapers were sourced through The Gateway to Oklahoma History, https://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society.
[i] Oletha C. Bennett. Birth 18 May 1911. Death 21 Nov 1989 (aged 78). Burial Woodlawn Cemetery, Claremore, Rogers County, Oklahoma. Plot DA.-2.-L30-1E. Spouse William M. Bennett. “Oletha C. Bennett, May 18, 1911, Nov. 21, 1989. William M. Bennett, Sept. 15, 1902, May 5, 1986. Forever with the Lord.” https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/34080035/oletha-c-bennett
Dr. Rachel Caroline Eaton. 1920 “Sagamore” Claremore High School Yearbook Photo. Rogers County Historical Society. Belvidere Mansion Archives. Used with permission.
Dr. Rachel Caroline Eaton – Author, Educator, and Ph.D. Part 4 – Accolades
To begin by reading Part 1, Part 2, and/or Part 3, please click on the requested “Part.”
Mrs. Callie Eaton posted her announcement, in 1922, that she would run, once again, for County Superintendent. “Her many friends and supporters will be pleased to see this announcement for it is universally conceded that she is filling the office with credit to herself and honor to her county. There is no one in the state better fitted for this office than Mrs. Eaton. She has had years of experience in teaching school from the grades up through the high school and college and is acquainted with the practical side of the work and its need from every angle. In addition to her practical experience, she brings to this work, years of special training in education received in the school of education in Chicago and the University of Chicago, from this institution she holds the degree of Master of Art and Doctor of Philosophy. Few other women or men in the state have had finer training than this and the people of the county should stand together in her support. Mrs. Eaton has shown marked ability in the organization of the office and the administration of the schools of the country. Her tireless energy and conscientious devotion to duty leaves no room for complaint among those who believe in the sacredness of the law. Her policy is equal justice to all and special privilege to none. This is the sort of officer the people want for Superintendent of Schools in Rogers County and the people should stand together in her support.”[i]The Democratic primary would be held, as usual, in August.[ii]
That spring, graduation celebrations continued with announcements that “Mrs. Callie Eaton and Mrs. A.V. Robinson visited the Justus school, Thursday afternoon. Mrs. Callie Eaton, Mrs. Nellie K. Ross, Miss Gazelle Lane, and Mooring York attended the 8th-grade commencement exercises Wednesday evening, at Chelsea. Mrs. Eaton delivered the diplomas to a class of 29 graduates.” [iii]
Miss Eaton spoke at the Justus Home Economics meeting. “The Justus Home Economics Club met with Mrs. S.S. Runnels on Thursday, May 18th.” Attendees “listened to a very interesting and helpful talk given by our County Superintendent Mrs. Callie Eaton, of which we are all very proud.”[iv]
When Democratic primary election time came around in August, Miss Eaton extended a note of thanks in the local newspaper. “I wish to take this means of expressing to the electorate of Rogers County my appreciation of the splendid support given me in the primary election. I shall continue to give to the office of county superintendent the undivided attention which it demands and efficient service it requires. With your co-operation, the teachers and the county superintendent will make every effort for the advancement of the schools of the county and for harmony and peace in every school district. I solicit your confidence and support in the efforts put forth for education and for peace and goodwill everywhere, and if elected in November, I shall continue the work which I have planned so carefully for the schools. Yours for better schools, Callie Eaton.”[v]
During the campaign, The Tulsa World wrote a delightful sketch of Miss Callie Eaton’s life. “Head of Rogers County Schools – by Rosalie Mills. One of the most interesting women in northeast Oklahoma, is Dr. Caroline Eaton, County Superintendent of Rogers County. She is a direct descendent of the famous Nancy Ward of Revolutionary days, and a relative of Sequoyah and Ocona Stata.
“The Eaton family came from England and was prominent at the very beginning of America’s history. In the account of the settlement of New Haven, one finds the Eatons mentioned. When Texas was in the throes of reconstruction, after the Civil War, we find George Eaton, a scion of this family, leaving Texas for the west.
“On Flint Creek, in Indian Territory, at this time lived a Cherokee girl, whose ancestry was distinguished for their leadership, bravery, and loyalty from revolutionary days. This Indian maiden was Nancy Williams, named for Nancy Ward, of whom she was a descendent, bringing down a name that meant much to the nation. It was due to Nancy Ward’s influence that so many of the Indians took the part of the English rather than the French in the early struggle for North America. She is related to Ocona Stata, a chieftain of the Revolutionary War, and Sequoyah, who wrote the Cherokee alphabet. A romance followed the acquaintance of the Englishman and Cherokee maiden, which culminated in their marriage.
“I stood on the spot, where they built their little log cabin out close to the historic Claremore Mound, a few miles from Claremore. In this home Dr. Caroline Eaton spent her girlhood, and for miles around this place today she is lovingly called ‘Aunt Callie.’ She taught the first public subscription school in the community.
“Miss Caroline Eaton laughed about those pioneer days when a visit to a city was a very unusual occurrence. Supplies had to be bought for months ahead. Meat was always wild prairie chickens, deer, or pork. She said one day when sugar was running low, with no prospect of another trip to town for some time that ‘Mother hid some for company. We did without sugar, even in coffee for a long time. One day company came in, and Mother put sugar on the table. Brother cried out, ‘Whoopy! Sugar in your coffee.’
“‘The Cherokee government established schools, usually taught by a Cherokee,’ she said. ‘The old West Point school was two miles south of where Claremore is now. I stayed in a log cabin with my grandmother and attended this school. Later a school was established at Old Claremore four miles from where Claremore is now located. Claremore got its start with the Frisco Railroad in 1883, before then we went to Vinita and Chouteau for things.’
“Miss Eaton taught school in her home village awhile, and she said, ‘One day we were coming back through the prairie grass with dinner buckets, and several of the smaller children were on ponies when a big drove of cattle came upon us. I put the children on the ponies, and all the older children and I formed a line with our dinner buckets in front of us, and ran at the cattle until they were frightened away.’
“She attended the Female Cherokee Seminary at Tahlequah and graduated in 1888 with two others, Adda Ross, who is now Mrs. Norrid, teacher in the Muskogee schools, and Elizabeth McNair, a cousin to Dr. Bushyhead of Claremore, who is dead. Miss Eaton is a graduate of Drury College, Springfield, Mo., and has her master’s and doctor’s degree from Chicago. She has taught in the Female Seminary at Tahlequah, the Mississippi College for Women, Lake Erie College (Ohio), Trinity University (Texas), and is now Superintendent of Education in Rogers County.
“She is widely known as an educator and historian. She wrote John Ross and the Cherokees. She has a wide acquaintance in Oklahoma and other states. United States Senator Robert L. Owen was on the Female Seminary Board when she was in school. Stephen B. Tehee, ex-registrar of the treasury, whose name appears on many of our bills, was in the class with her brother at the Male Seminary in Tahlequah, also Ex-Congressman Hastings.”[vi]
A distressing news article was posted in October. “Yorke Held Up at Fifth Street – Miss Callie Eaton and young Mooring Yorke attended the Democratic meeting at Harmony Star Tuesday night, and returned home rather early in the evening. Miss Eaton got out at her home and young Yorke took the car to the garage and was returning to Miss Eaton’s residence, and when on Fifth Street at the Lipe place, he was ordered to throw up his hands by two men or boys back of him, and they proceeded to go through his pockets. They secured Miss Eaton’s pocketbook, which he had with him, and a flashlight. After rifling him they told him to move on. The pocketbook contained only two dollars. Tom Dean was called as soon as Yorke returned to Miss Eaton’s. Later he arrested two boys who he had seen get off the train at the Mason Hotel where they had taken a room. A search showed that they possessed the same amount of money as taken from Miss Eaton’s pocketbook minus the amount paid for their room. Tom arrested them, but young Yorke was unable to identify them, as it was dark where they held him up, and they warned him not to turn his head and look back at them. Miss Eaton’s pocketbook was found the next morning on the ground of the high school building.”[vii]
Campaigning continued for Miss Eaton through November. The Inola News reported, “Miss Callie Eaton, County Superintendent, the only woman candidate in the county, was next called to the platform and in her earnest yet quiet unassuming way told of the progress of the schools of the county since she has been in office and unfolded her plans for better school system and was loudly applauded.”[viii]
When the election results were in they read, “Superintendent of Schools: Callie Eaton, dem., F.E. Lemons, rep., Claremore 206 to 142.”[ix] Miss Eaton would serve as Superintendent of Schools for a second term, and would be sworn in the first Monday in July (1923).[x] Her goal for the 1923 school year was “to get the schools at Foyil, Oolagah, and possibly other places on full accredited list during the year.”[xi]
There was no time to pause as Miss Eaton’s work continued for the better education of all in Rogers County. The Community Institute was “brought to Claremore through the efforts of the Commercial Club and school authorities. A committee composed of Mrs. Callie Eaton, A.W. Bevers, W.R. Holland, C.B. Littlefield, and Hugo Heins have charge of arrangements. All meetings will be free, and everyone is urged to attend.”[xii]
Examinations for Teachers’ certificates were held at Claremore on January 25, 24, and 27th, 1923. A stickler for following the law, “Miss Callie Eaton, County Superintendent, advises the Certificates will be issued only to applicants having the High School or Normal training prescribed by Section 252, School laws off 1917.”[xiii]
The Foyil folks were “building a five-thousand-dollar addition to their already good school building and show a determination to have one of the best schools in the country… The berg is also said to be taking on new life and assuming its old-time place as the social and commercial center of a fine community. We are proud to see our old home town ‘pepping’ up and ‘stepping out’ in this way.”[xiv] More Accolades were ahead for Dr. Caroline Eaton.
In July 1936, twelve worthy Oklahomans were selected for the honor of being inducted into the Oklahoma Memorial Association’s Hall of Fame. Miss Callie Eaton was one of the twelve – four women and eight men. “The 12 will be honored guests at the association’s annual statehood dinner in Oklahoma City Nov. 16.” The recipients of the honor were Mrs. M. Alice Miller, El Reno, former Most Worthy Matron of the General Grand Chapter of the Order of Eastern Star, and active Rainbow Girls worker; “Dr. Leroy Long, Sr. former dean of the University of Oklahoma School of Medicine: Rev. Forney Hutchinson, Tulsa, minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South; W.S. Key, state WPA administrator, military, and civic leader; W.P. Freeling former Attorney General, public speaker, and civic worker; Dr. W.B. Bizzell, President of the University of Oklahoma; James W. Maney, pioneer railroad builder; W.H. Kornegay, Vinita, former Supreme Court Justice; Walter M. Harrison, managing editor of The Daily Oklahoman and The Oklahoma City Times. Mrs. Alice M. David, state organizer of the W.C.T.U.; Mrs. Annette Ehler, Hennessey, writer, lecturer, and member of the National League of Penwomen; and Miss Caroline Eaton, Claremore, second person in Oklahoma to receive a Ph.D. degree, and prominent educator.”[xv]
November 16, 1936, during Oklahoma’s 29th birthday celebration, the State Memorial Association held its banquet. The El Reno Daily Tribune wrote, “Twenty-nine years ago today Oklahoma became the 46th state in the union. The occasion was marked by celebrations and the inauguration of Charles N. Haskell as the first governor of Guthrie, an event witnessed by 30,000 persons. The Oklahoma Memorial Association was to mark the anniversary today by installing 12 outstanding Oklahomans in its state hall of fame during ceremonies at Oklahoma City where an open meeting was held this morning with the annual commemoration banquet scheduled at 7 pm in a downtown hotel there. The 12 singled out for the honor were Mrs. M. Alice Miller of El Reno, Dr. W.B. Bizzell, W.H. Kornegay, S.P. Freeling, James W. Maney, Rev. Forney Hutchinson, Dr. LeRoy Long, W.S. Key, Walter M. Harrison, Mrs. Annette Ehler, Mrs. Alice M. Davis, and Dr. Caroline Eaton.[xvi]
Dr. Eaton continues to be remembered by historians today through her extensive writings “on western history, including Domestic Science Among the Primitive Cherokees; Historic Fort Gibson, John Ross and the Cherokee Indians (1914); [xvii]Oklahoma Pioneer Life; The Legend of the Battle of Claremore Mound (1930); [xviii] and History of Pioneer Churches in Oklahoma. In 1932 the Tulsa Historical Society founded the Rachel Caroline Eaton Chapter.”[xix]
After contributing so much to her country, Dr. Rachel Caroline “Callie” Eaton, passed this life on September 20, 1938, at the age of 69. The final resting place of her earthly remains is among her family members in their burial ground at Woodlawn Cemetery, Claremore, Rogers County, Oklahoma. “Callie” was believed to be the first Oklahoma Indian woman to receive a PH.D., and the first woman to be elected as county superintendent of schools in Rogers County, Oklahoma. She gave much to her community and her wider sphere of influence. She was a distinguished author, historian, and educator, and woman of rare and unusual talent, ability, and skill. One can only concur with Rosalie Mills who wrote, “As I talked with Miss Eaton, I appreciated her more because of her sweet, unassuming, modest manner. She was modestly dressed and charming to talk to. The Cherokees have many men and women, of whom they can justly feel proud, and certainly not the least one is Mrs. Caroline Eaton – Tulsa World, Sunday, September, 10h.”[xx]
Dr. Eaton’s Obituary:
“Eaton Services Held Wednesday. Early Educator And Historian Is Laid to Rest In Woodlawn Cemetery.
“Funeral services for Mrs. Rachel Caroline Eaton, 69, pioneer educator and Cherokee historian, who passed away at her home on East Fifth street Tuesday at noon, were held from the Presbyterian church Wednesday afternoon at 2:30.
“Final rites were in charge of Rev. Clarence Campbell, pastor, and interment made in Woodlawn cemetery under the direction of the A.L. Musgrove Funeral Home.
“A resident of this city for many years, Mrs. Eaton was widely known. A flower covered altar bespoke the high esteem in which this fine lady was held by her many friends in all sections of this county.
“Mrs. Eaton, an authority on early day Indian history, authored a book entitled, History of John Ross and the Cherokee Indians. A second book, History of the Cherokee, was only recently completed.
“A victim of a lingering illness, Rachel Caroline Eaton, one of Oklahoma’s outstanding citizens, passed away at her home in Claremore, Tuesday at 12 o’clock noon, September 20th.
“Mrs. Eaton was born July 7th, 1869, in Indian Territory just across the line from Maysville, Ark. and was the daughter of George W. and Nancy E. Eaton. In 1874, while still a small child, she moved with her parents near Claremore Mound, the family home, where she spent her early years.
“Her early education was received in the Cherokee public schools and the Cherokee Female Seminary at Tahlequah, from which she graduated in 187 [sic]. Not content with this humble beginning in education field she pursued her studies in the branches of higher learning at Drury college, Springfield, Mo., from which she received her B.A. degree in 1895, later going to the University of Chicago where she received her M.A. and Ph.D. degrees.
“Mrs. Eaton enjoyed a long and successful career in the teaching profession. She began this public service in the Cherokee public schools and later taught in the Cherokee Female Seminary at Tahlequah, the Industrial Training school for Girls at Columbus, Miss.; Lake Erie college at Painesville, O., and Trinity university, Waxahachie, Texas.
“Desiring to pursue her educational work in Oklahoma, the state she loved so well, she returned to Claremore and for two terms served Rogers county faithfully and successfully as superintendent of schools.
“While a student in the University of Chicago, Mrs. Eaton began her literary career. At this early date she distinguished herself as a writer of note and an authority on Cherokee Indian history, with her book, John Ross and the Cherokee Indians.
“Retiring from public life after her second term as county superintendent, Mrs. Eaton devoted most of her time to research and writing. She returned to the University of Chicago where she spent a year doing research work for her latest book, History of the Cherokees, the tribe of which she was so proud of being a member. This book had been completed but not published at the time of her death.
“During her later years, while engaged in literary pursuits she held residence in both Tulsa and Oklahoma City in order to pursue her work more effectively, but because of failing health returned to Claremore in 1935 to end her days in the home she loved so well.
“At an early age Mrs. Eaton joined the Presbyterian church and all during her life was a loyal and devoted member.
“So long as her health permitted she actively participated in federated club work in Oklahoma, and in the work of the Eastern Star. She was a member of the Tulsa Women’s Indian club and held honorary memberships in the La-Kee-Kon club of Tulsa, the Quest club, of Claremore, and the Oklahoma Memorial association. The last membership was conferred in 1936, when Mrs. Eaton was honored as one of Oklahoma’s outstanding women because of her great and good service to humanity and the state of Oklahoma. Her portrait now hangs in the Hall of Fame at the state capitol building in Oklahoma City.
“Mrs. Eaton was preceded in death by her parents and two brothers, Charles and Merritt. She leaves besides the great many friends who mourn her passing, one sister, Mrs. J.M. York, sr., of Claremore, and one brother, Calvin Eaton, of Inola two nieces and six nephews.”[xxi]
By Christa Rice, Claremore History Explorer
Sources:
Unless otherwise noted, Oklahoma newspapers are sourced through The Gateway to Oklahoma History,http://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
[i] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 14, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 11, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[ii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 15, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 25, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[iii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 15, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 25, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[iv] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 16, Ed. 1 Thursday, June 1, 1922. Accessed: May 5, 2020.
[v] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 26, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 10, 1922. Accessed: May 5, 2020.
[vi] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 31, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 14, 1922. Accessed: April 26, 2020.
[vii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 36, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 19, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[viii] The Inola News (Inola, Okla.), Vol. 2, No. 31, Ed. 1 Friday, November 3, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[ix] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 39, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 9, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[x] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 41, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 30, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
Harper, William Randolph. The Inola News (Inola, Okla.), Vol. 3, No. 7, Ed. 1 Friday, May 18, 1923. Accessed: May 1, 2020.
[xi] Harper, William Randolph. Rogers County News (Inola, Okla.), Vol. 3, No. 17, Ed. 1 Saturday, July 21, 1923. Accessed: May 1, 2020.
[xii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 41, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 23, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[xiii] Harper, William Randolph. The Inola News (Inola, Okla.), Vol. 2, No. 42, Ed. 1 Friday, January 19, 1923. Accessed: May 1, 2020.
[xiv] Harper, William Randolph. Rogers County News (Inola, Okla.), Vol. 3, No. 17, Ed. 1 Saturday, July 21, 1923. Accessed: May 1, 2020.
[xv] Dyer, Ray J. The El Reno Daily Tribune (El Reno, Okla.), Vol. 45, No. 104, Ed. 1 Wednesday, July 1, 193. Accessed: April 22, 2020.
[xvi] Dyer, Ray J. The El Reno Daily Tribune (El Reno, Okla.), Vol. 45, No. 220, Ed. 1 Monday, November 16, 1936. Accessed: April 22, 2020.
“Claremore High School, Claremore, Oklahoma.” Postcard #121033, CT American Art Colored. No postmark. Built on 4th Street between Weenonah and Chickasaw Ave. Razed circa 2011.
Dr. Rachel Caroline Eaton – Author, Educator, and Ph.D. Part 3, Suffragette
To begin by reading Part 1 and or Part 2, please click the requested “Part.”
The year was 1920; Oklahoman’s were ready for a fresh start. Woodrow Wilson was president of the United States. The “war to end all wars” was over (November 11, 1918). After four long arduous years of sacrifice, the U.S. and its allies were victorious. Though many had died in battle, the Influenza Pandemic of 1918 – 1919 had ravaged the country demanding its death toll as well. Thankfully, this too had ceased. Women’s suffrage (the right to vote) was granted in Oklahoma’s state elections (November 5, 1918), and the 19th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution (country-wide women’s suffrage) was soon to be ratified. This opened new opportune and influential platforms for women.[i] Happier days of prosperity lay ahead.
At age 50, Miss Callie Eaton prepared to embrace a new life challenge of her own. In January 1920, Miss Eaton joined in the politics of the Democratic County Convention held at Claremore. She along with Frank Ertell, “Fay I. Bushyhead, Frank E. Keith, and B.H. Hester comprised the resolutions committee.” Among the many resolutions of the Democratic County Convention at Claremore, Jan. 31, 1920, “Equal Suffrage for men and women (was) endorsed and Governor Robertson was urged to call a special session of the legislature to ratify the equal suffrage amendment.”[ii] The following week, “Miss Addie Blair, Miss Callie Eaton, Mrs. Mack R. Shanks, Mrs. Frank Ertell, and Mrs. L.B. Shaw (five females) went to Muskogee … to attend the State Democratic Convention.”[iii] One wonders if Miss Eaton would have been eager to attend if she knew she would catch a case of the flu that week?[iv]
It was not until April 1920, that Miss Callie Eaton’s long-term political goal was publicly disclosed. “The Claremore Progress is hereby authorized to announce my candidacy for County Superintendent of Public Instruction of Rogers County, subject to the Democratic Primary, August 3, 1920. As a loyal Democrat, I earnestly solicit the support of my party, calling attention to the fact that I am fully qualified by experience and education to fill this important office. CALLIE EATON.”[v] This announcement continued to be printed in The Claremore Progress and The Claremore Messenger as she campaigned in the interest of her candidacy for County Superintendent throughout the county that fall.[vi]
As a side note, Miss Callie Eaton needed independent transportation for a successful campaign, of course. A.D. Motor Company was pleased to announce it was doing a fine business at their new location on Third Street and Catalayah Avenue, Claremore, and that Callie Eaton was among those who had received a new Buick from their business establishment.[vii]
When the primary elections were over in August 1920, the county ticket for the November election was made of the following: “County Judge, D.M. Battenfield; County Attorney, Edgar Anderson; County Clerk, Clem Musgrove; Sheriff, Hiram Stephens; County Treasurer, R.K. Adair; County Superintendent, Callie Eaton; County Assessor, D.J. Matthews; Court Clerk, A.V. Robinson; County Surveyor, F.H. Boyd. Commissioners: 1st District, W.H. Rogers; 2nd District, W.E. Sanders; 3rd District, Ellis M. Eaton (Miss Callie Eaton’s brother). Not every Democrat got all of the candidates for whom he voted, but there is a big absence of the usual soreness following the primary election. The Democrats, men and women, are lining up behind the ticket to present a solid phalanx to the Republicans in the November election… Republicans, with their many tinseled promises of doing things, have done nothing at all out of the ordinary. Their bid for further Democratic support is rather empty.”[viii]
When “a number of the Democratic candidates for county office met at the office of Charles B. Carden, secretary of the County Election Board,” in September 1920, “for organization and discussion of the coming campaign, Callie Eaton was elected temporary chairman and L.S. Robson, temporary secretary. A.V. Robinson, J.E. Long, and W.H. Rogers were named on the Ways and Means Committee, among the duties of which were to find a suitable room for democratic headquarters.”[ix]
As usual, Miss Callie Eaton was busy with many Claremore community affairs. When the Women’s Community League met at the Presbyterian Church with its “president, Mrs. D. Ferrara presiding, there was a large number of enthusiastic workers present, and a very beneficial session was held. There was a true-hearted, wholehearted prayer by Mrs. L.B. Shaw, after which the minutes of the previous meeting were read by Mrs. M. Haas, secretary, and approved. Very able talks on charity work were made by Dr. Caroline Bassman, Mrs. Haas, and Mrs. John Mayberry. They tended to show that charity needs the attention of the organization here, and the sense of the meeting was that it would receive attention in the future. A musical number was cleverly rendered by Robert Lee and Miss Selma Bishop, after which Mrs. Myrtle Watson, head of the Home Economics work in the county, made a talk on The Parent – Teacher Association work in the rural schools, and Miss Hope Sutton gave a review of the work done by the Association in the schools at Chelsea… The following committee chairmen were appointed: Ways and Means, Mrs. L.D. Odom. Entertainment, Mrs. C.F. Godbey. Reception, Mrs. W.F. Hays. Civic, Mrs. John Q. Adams. Membership, Mrs. L.B. Shaw. Education, Dr. Caroline Bassmann. Charity, Mrs. F.G. Griswold. Religious, Mrs. Ella Garst. Political, Miss Callie Eaton. Publicity, Mrs. B.F. Knight. Each of the above committee chairmen will appoint one from each church of the city as their helpers. It was decided to hold one meeting each month, the second Monday night being agreed upon. A reception for the teachers of the city was planned, the date to be announced later…A cordial invitation is extended to every lady in Claremore to become a member of the League. About 75 have already enrolled as members.”[x]
Democratic Party responsibilities continued as Mrs. L.B. Shaw, Miss Addie Blair, Miss Callie Eaton, Mrs. A.K. Ross volunteered as “members of the reception committee for Governor Cox” expecting to “accompany the Cox party on his speaking tour through Oklahoma.”[xi] When Harlow’s Weekly, out of Oklahoma City, caught wind that Miss Callie Eaton had become Chairwoman of the Committee of Practical Politics of the Women’s Community League of Claremore, they made a point to publish this news.[xii] When the Business Woman’s Club was organized, Miss Eaton became an active member. The following officers were elected: “Chairman, Miss Nowlin; vice-chairman, Miss Blair; Treasurer, Miss Lelia Eaton; Reporter, Miss Carr. The following committees were appointed: Study, Mrs. J.Q. Adams, Mrs. A.K. Ross, Miss Callie Eaton… By-Laws, Dr. Bassmann, Mrs. J.Q. Adams, Miss Callie Eaton; Parliamentarian, Miss Callie Eaton.”[xiii] Miss Eaton would also serve as Parliamentarian in the 1921-22 year. [xiv]
The County Democratic ticket of 1920, was considered the best ever. “The Democratic party in Rogers County has in the past at various times presented tickets to voters of more or less merit but this year the party is offering for the consideration of the people what is believed to be one of the strongest tickets ever brought out from top of it to the bottom…Callie Eaton, the only lady on the ticket, is a candidate for County Superintendent. She has been in school work for many, many years, and has acquired a bountiful fund of experience that will be of lasting benefit to the schools of this county. She is thoroughly wrapped up in her work and intends showing the people of the county a few more progressive steps when placed at the head of the schools of the county.”[xv] Miss Callie Eaton had prepared for this leadership role for a life-time. She knew she was ready to apply herself to this new magnanimous endeavor. Apparently, her constituency agreed.
That November, Miss Callie Eaton won the election for the position she sought. She wrote in The Claremore Progress, “To the Citizens of Rogers County – I take this means of expressing my appreciation of your vote of confidence in me on November 2nd. I do not take office until July 1st. In the meantime, I wish to inform myself thoroughly in the details of the office work and to get better acquainted with the school board and the patrons of each school district. Harmony and cooperation are great factors in the administration of this office, and during the next few months, we shall endeavor to establish a sound basis of understanding and confidence in which we shall work for the best educational interests of Rogers County during my term of office. Sincerely, Callie Eaton.”[xvi]
There was much preliminary work to be done. “Miss Callie Eaton, newly elected county superintendent, went to Oklahoma City Wednesday to consult with Mr. Wilson, State Superintendent of Public Instructions, and to visit the State Historical Association.”[xvii] “Callie Eaton will succeed Mrs. A.K. Ross as County Superintendent, and she is anxious to get onto the work. This lady has devoted the greater part of her life to educational work, and she will, without a doubt, give the people of the county an excellent administration.”[xviii]
Mr. A.K. Ross, County Superintendent of Schools, assume the office in July 1917,[xix] when Miss Eaton was teaching at Waxahachie, Texas.[xx] In April 1919, “A.K. Ross resigned his office of County School Superintendent of Rogers County to accept a position as Income Tax Collector with the State Auditor. The Board of County Commissioners appointed Mrs.A.K. Ross (an educator in her own right) as County School Superintendent instead declaring “Mrs. Ross is capable to handle the work and is already more or less familiar with the duties incident to the office.”[xxi]
Club gatherings continued for Miss Eaton through the end of the year. “Business Women’s Club held a very interesting business meeting recently at the Public Library. The time was devoted to the business of the club, and the study of a chapter on civics, entitled ‘Know Your Town.’ The lesson closed with a brief but interesting history of Claremore given by Mrs. Callie Eaton.”[xxii] One wishes a document of Mrs. Eaton’s History of Claremore was still available to read what she had to share.
A University Club banquet was held at the Elks Hall, “the first social meeting of the organization. Forty members were present and a most enjoyable evening was spent in true college fashion… Twenty colleges and universities, located in twelve different states, were represented… A vote of thanks was extended the ladies of the Episcopal Guild for the excellence of the dinner and the perfection with which it was served. The following colleges and universities were represented: Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill., Dr. Caroline Bassman; Oklahoma A.&M. College, Stillwater, Mrs. A.K. Ross; Baker University, Baldwin, Kans., Mr. and Mrs. E.E. Woods; Stephens College, Columbia, Mo., Mrs. W.P. Mills; Kansas State Normal, Lawrence, Kan., Mr. and Mrs. H.H. Makemson; Western Maryland College and Washington Medical School, Dr. W.P. Mills; University of Arkansas, Miss Blackman and Mrs. J.C. Bushyhead; College of Industrial Arts, Mrs. Rey; Tri-State College, Argola, Ind., Mr. Garletts; Drury College, Springfield, Mo., Col. S.M. Barrett, Miss Callie Eaton; Maryville College, Tenn., G.D. Davis; University of Texas, Miss Bailey; University of Chicago, Mrs. Callie Eaton; University of Nebraska, J.C. Ressler; Kansas Agricultural College, Manhattan, Kan., Mrs. F.Y. O’Bannon; Nebraska School of Mines, Mrs. A.T. Challburg; University of Oklahoma; W.E. Lane, Miss Copeland, Miss Zener, Bourke H. Bayless, Col. S.M. Barrett, and Mrs. Melvin Means.” [xxiii] Claremore was filled with brilliant, well-educated men and women.
The Women’s Community League met at the high school auditorium. “The program, which was enjoyed very much by all those present, was followed by a business session. Mrs. Morris Haas reported for the Charity department that much good work was done in relieving the sick and needy of our city. Mrs. John Q. Adams made a report on the civic work. She advised those wishing a good garden to have them plowed at this time. Mrs. Hiram Garst, chairman of the Religious Department, reported a growth and much interest in all Sunday schools. Mrs. Callie Eaton, chairman of the Good Government Department has obtained a copy of the city ordinances, and her committee is carefully studying them to become familiar with municipal affairs. Dr. Caroline Bassmann resigned as chairman of the Educational Department, and Mrs. H.H. Makemson was immediately appointed to fill the vacancy. The League voted to put a generous supply of candy in each basket to be sent out to the poor, Christmas, by the Elks lodge. The Episcopal and Christian churches are both to have a White Christmas, and the gifts are to be turned over to the Community League to help in carrying on their charity work.”[xxiv]
Again, Harlow’s Weekly (Oklahoma City) gave Miss Eaton statewide attention as it announced, “Mrs. Callie Eaton, chairman of the Good Government Committee of the Community League of Claremore, recently had her committee make a study of the city ordinances of the town, in order to become familiar with the technique of municipal affairs.”[xxv]
When Mrs. Carina Colan traveled to Claremore in the interest of the State Historical Society “collecting relics, etc., of interest to the Society. The Sequoyah Historical Society of this city (Claremore), which is no longer active, loaned the State Historical Society the greater part of their collection… While here, she was the guest of Mrs. Callie Eaton.”[xxvi]
The Quest Club elected Miss Callie Eaton as their president in March 1921.[xxvii] One of her responsibilities was to represent Claremore by attending the district meeting of the Federated Woman’s Clubs, at Tahlequah, May 11, 12, and 13 on behalf of the Quest Club. Other local Claremore clubs were represented at the meeting, such as, the Tuesday Study Club, the Harmony Club, the Home Economics Club, the Delphian Club, and the Business Women’s Club.[xxviii]
In July 1921, the new county officers took the oath of office and began executing their duties. Miss Callie Eaton, of Claremore, became the official County Superintendent.[xxix] She had been well prepared beforehand by attending the meetings of the county superintendents of the state, hosted at Oklahoma City, even while she was County Superintendent elect.[xxx]The Inola News explained, “Miss Callie Eaton, daughter of G.W. Eaton, was sworn in as County Superintendent of Schools on July 5 (two days before her 52nd birthday). She was elected last fall and was qualified before that. She shows a disposition to recognize The Inola News, which is contrary to the apparent policy of the ‘Boys’ now in control at the county seat.”[xxxi] Miss Eaton knew how to make friends in important places. She knew that the local newspapers were an important source for addressing and informing the public about the county’s educational affairs.
Many duties were passed to Miss Eaton, and she was ready to take the baton. At the annual commencement exercises held at Bushyhead schools, “eleven fine boys and girls were graduated from the eighth grade to the high school… Miss Callie Eaton, of Claremore, presented the diplomas to the class and made a splendid speech.”[xxxii]
July hosted the annual Teachers’ Examination. “The July examination for teachers’ certificates will be held Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday 25th, 26th, and 27th, of July. The following is a statement of instructions from the State Superintendent to the County Superintendent. ‘The law makes no provisions for taking a part of the examinations at one time and finishing it at a later date. Some have made this mistake; all such certificates are illegal.’ Callie Eaton, County Superintendent.” Miss Eaton was setting the standard high for incoming teachers.
For a fun educational experience, Miss Callie Eaton, Rogers County Superintendent of Schools, set aside Friday, September 23rd, 1921, as School Children’s Day at the Oklahoma State Fair. All the school children and teachers were invited to take the opportunity to attend the fair day. 5,280 free admission tickets were distributed to school children with the hope that every pupil and teacher would visit the state fair to learn the lessons such an event taught and to have the pleasure a visit would afford.[xxxiii]
October 1921, Mrs. Caroline Eaton was again elected to the position of President of The Quest Club. “The meeting was called to order by the new president, Mrs. Caroline Eaton. Greeting to the new officers by the retiring president, Mrs. Taylor. Response by Mrs. Eaton. The lesson for the afternoon was very ably given by Mrs. Henley and Mrs. Adams, it being the first three chapters in the ‘Elements of Civics.’ After discussion, the club sang ‘America’ and adjourned.”[xxxiv]That month, “delegates were appointed to attend the state meeting at McAlester on November 9th, 10th, and 11th, as follows: Callie Eaton and Mrs. L.B. Shaw, with Dr. Bassmann and Mrs. F.H. Boyd as alternates.” The October 24th meeting was scheduled to be held with Callie Eaton.[xxxv]
“Callie Eaton, County Superintendent reports that poultry shows will be held in each of the school districts of Rogers County all next week (November 1921). The Rogers County Poultry Association is going to provide the judges. These shows are the source of considerable interest all over the county. They are widely attended.”[xxxvi]
Callie Eaton, County Superintendent, wrote a regular newspaper column entitled “School Notes” to inform the community of happenings in the county schools.[xxxvii] The recipients of “teachers’ certificates granted by the County Superintendent of Schools, Callie Eaton,” were also announced.[xxxviii] “School Notes” told of Miss Eaton’s visits to “a number of rural schools recently and found the work moving off smoothly in every district. Every school in the county has now been visited. … Nelson Corwin has been appointed to see that our country’s flag waves above every schoolhouse, and he also teaches patriotism to the children. In company with Mrs. Eaton, Mr. Corwin arrives at the school during a recess period, and gets the children interested in army ‘setting up’ exercises; after this exercise, the children are soon marching in a soldiery way and are then quite ready to listen to Mr. Corwin’s instructions in patriotism. This is splendid work and the American Legion is to be commended for its activity in promoting patriotism… A Patron-Teachers Association is Organized. Monday afternoon, November 21st, the teachers of the public school and ladies of the city, numbering about sixty-seven met at the high school building for the purpose of organizing a Patron-Teachers Association. The following officers were elected: Dr. Bassmann, President; Miss Carr, Vice President; Mrs. A.V. Robinson, Secretary; Prof. Lane, Treasurer; Mrs. L.H. Henley, Corresponding Sec’y and Reporter; Prof. Beavers, Mrs. M.H. Gordon, and Mrs. L.B. Shaw, Committee to Draft Constitution and By-Laws. One meeting a month will be held. Friday at 4 p.m. was voted as the day and time of meeting. The exact date will be published later.”[xxxix] “Miss Callie Eaton, County Superintendent, writes The Inola News that she has been loyally assisted by teachers and school boards of the county, women’s’ clubs, American Legion, and other civic organizations in promoting the Better Education, Better Cities, and Better Country movement. Let all work together for a better county and better schools all over the county. December 4thto 10th is Education Week. The National Education Association and the American Legion have recommended that an Education Week be observed in all communities annually for the purpose of informing the public of the accomplishments and needs of the public schools and to secure the cooperation and support of the pupils in meeting these needs. This is the time for patriotic men and women the country over to lend a hand… Callie Eaton, County Superintendent.”[xl] All these were contributions Miss Eaton made to forward and promote Rogers County Schools. “Education Week was consistently observed in all the schools of Rogers County. Programs were arranged by a considerable number of the teachers and the American Legion appointed speakers for all the schools. Since it was Good Health and National Safety as well as National Education Week, all three interests were combined in the same program.”[xli]
Nineteen twenty-two was a year filled with challenges and victories. There were Quest Club meetings; visits to Miss Eaton’s sister, Mrs. J.M. York; a meeting and election of officers for the Rogers County Athletic and Fine Arts Association;[xlii] the annual Teachers’ Examinations;[xliii] school visits (especially to Foyil).[xliv]
February brought a special honor. “Mrs. Callie Eaton, County Superintendent, was recently appointed to represent the Oklahoma branch of the National Council of Executive Women in the meeting to be held at Chicago, February 27th to March 4th. This meeting is held in connection with the National Education Association. Mrs. Eaton was also appointed chairman of the legislative committee of the same organization.”[xlv]
March brought family tragedy. “The Inola News chronicles with much regret the death of Jas. Merritt Eaton, son of G.W. Eaton, of this city, and brother to Cal Eaton, of Oolagah, and Mrs. J.M. York and Miss Callie Eaton, of Claremore. He was about 42 years old and had lived in this country all of his life. May he rest in peace.”[xlvi] This “Card of Thanks” was printed in The Claremore Progress. “To our many friends, who by their kind words, thoughtful acts, and lovely gifts added to the comfort of our loved one during his last illness, and to those who were so generous in their expressions of sympathy at the time of his death, we wish to express our deep and lasting appreciation. Mrs. Merritt Eaton and Children. Mr. and Mrs. George W. Eaton, Mrs. Caroline Eaton. Mr. and Mrs. Calvin Eaton. Mr. and Mrs. J.M. York and Family.”[xlvii]
April and May were filled with Quest Club meetings. “‘Child Welfare Day,’ was observed by the Quest Club at its weekly meeting held at the home of Mrs. E.N. Henley… Mrs. H.H. Markemson and Mrs. F.E. Keith were elected delegates to represent the Quest Club at the federation meeting, at Wagoner. Mrs. Nellie Ross and Mrs. Callie Eaton were selected as alternates.”[xlviii] “The Quest Club met at the home of Mrs. Callie Eaton, President of the club, Monday afternoon, May 1st. The course of study being completed, the club met for its annual tea and social time at this, the last meeting of the club year. After a short business session, an excellent three-course luncheon was served.”[xlix] After giving greetings to the new officers of the Quest Club the following October, Miss Callie Eaton retired from her position as president.[l]
You are invited to continue the journey. Click here to read Part 4.
By Christa Rice, Claremore History Explorer
Sources:
Unless otherwise noted, Oklahoma newspapers are sourced through The Gateway to Oklahoma History, http://gateway.okhistory.org; crediting Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.
[ii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 27, No. 10, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 5, 1920. Accessed: April 26, 2020.
[iii] Claremore Messenger (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 24, No. 36, Ed. 1 Friday, February 6, 1920. Accessed: April 27, 2020.
[iv] “Miss Callie Eaton has been ill with the flu for the past ten days.” Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 28, No. 12, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 19, 1920. Accessed: April 27, 2020.
[v] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 28, No. 22, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 29, 1920. Accessed: April 27, 2020.
[vi] Claremore Messenger (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 26, No. 50, Ed. 1 Friday, May 14, 1920. Accessed: April 27, 2020.
Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 28, No. 26, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 27, 1920. Accessed: April 27, 2020.
Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 16, No. 34, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 29, 1920. Accessed: April 27, 2020.
Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 16, No. 35, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 5, 1920. Accessed: April 27, 2020.
[vii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 16, No. 33, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 22, 1920. Accessed: April 27, 2020.
[viii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 16, No. 35, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 5, 1920. Accessed: April 27, 2020.
[ix] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 16, No. 40, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 9, 1920. Accessed: April 28, 2020.
[x] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 16, No. 41, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 16, 1920. Accessed: April 28, 2020.
[xi] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 16, No. 42, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 23, 1920. Accessed: April 28, 2020.
[xii] Harlow, Victor E. Harlow’s Weekly (Oklahoma City, Okla.), Vol. 19, No. 14, Ed. 1 Friday, October 8, 1920. Accessed: April 28, 2020.
[xiii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 16, No. 47, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 28, 1920. Accessed: April 28, 2020.
[xiv] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 40, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 29, 1921. Accessed: May 1, 2020.
[xv] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 16, No. 46, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 21, 1920. Accessed: April 28, 2020.
[xvi] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 16, No. 49, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 11, 1920. Accessed: April 28, 2020.
[xvii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 16, No. 50, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 18, 1920. Accessed: April 28, 2020.
[xviii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 4, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 30, 1920. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
[xix] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 25, No. 23, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 5, 1917. Accessed July 30, 2020.
[xx] Kates, W. C. Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 25, No. 45, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 6, 1917. Accessed April 26, 2020.
[xxi] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 27, No. 12, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 10, 1919. Accessed July 30, 2020.
[xxii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 16, No. 52, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 2, 1920. Accessed: April 28, 2020.
[xxiii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 2, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 16, 1920. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
[xxiv] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 2, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 16, 1920. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
[xxv] Harlow, Victor E. Harlow’s Weekly (Oklahoma City, Okla.), Vol. 19, No. 25, Ed. 1 Friday, December 24, 1920. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
[xxvi] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 13, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 3, 1921. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
[xxvii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 20, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 31, 1921. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
[xxviii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 14, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 12, 1921. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
[xxix] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 29, Ed. 1 Thursday, July 7, 1921. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
[xxx] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 14, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 12, 1921. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
[xxxi] The Inola News (Inola, Okla.), Vol. 1, No. 13, Ed. 1 Friday, July 15, 1921. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
[xxxii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 23, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 26, 1921. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
[xxxiii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 34, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 11, 1921. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 38, Ed. 1 Thursday, September 15, 1921. Accessed: April 29, 2020.
[xxxiv] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 41, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 6, 1921. Accessed: April 26, 2020.
[xxxv] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 43, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 20, 1921. Accessed: May 1, 2020.
[xxxvi] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 45, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 3, 1921. Accessed: May 1, 2020.
[xxxvii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 47, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 17, 1921. Accessed: May 1, 2020.
[xxxviii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 47, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 24, 1921. Accessed: May 1, 2020.
[xxxix] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 47, Ed. 1 Thursday, November 24, 1921. Accessed: May 1, 2020.
[xl] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 48, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 1, 1921. Accessed: May 1, 2020.
[xli] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 50, Ed. 1 Thursday, December 22, 1921. Accessed: May 1, 2020.
[xlii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 17, No. 52, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 5, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[xliii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 18, No. 1, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 12, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[xliv] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 18, No. 2, Ed. 1 Thursday, January 19, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[xlv] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 3, Ed. 1 Thursday, February 23, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[xlvi] The Inola News (Inola, Okla.), Vol. 2, No. 1, Ed. 1 Friday, April 7, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[xlvii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 8, Ed. 1 Thursday, March 30, 1922. Accessed: April 26, 2020.
[xlviii] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 12, Ed. 1 Thursday, April 27, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[xlix] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 13, Ed. 1 Thursday, May 4, 1922. Accessed: May 3, 2020.
[l] Kates, W. C. The Claremore Progress (Claremore, Okla.), Vol. 30, No. 36, Ed. 1 Thursday, October 19, 1922. Accessed: April 26, 2020.
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